Solar panels are devices that convert sunlight into electricity through a process called the photovoltaic effect. They are composed of solar cells made from semiconductor materials, typically silicon, which absorb photons from sunlight and release electrons. This flow of electrons generates direct current (DC) electricity, which can be converted into alternating current (AC) electricity for residential or commercial use.
There are three main types of solar panels:
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Monocrystalline Solar Panels: Made from single-crystal silicon, these panels are known for their high efficiency and longevity. They are often more expensive but provide better performance in limited space.
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Polycrystalline Solar Panels: These panels are made from multiple silicon crystals, making them less expensive to produce. While they are slightly less efficient than monocrystalline panels, they are a popular choice for many homeowners due to their cost-effectiveness.
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Thin-Film Solar Panels: Made by depositing a thin layer of photovoltaic material on a substrate, thin-film panels are lightweight and flexible. They are generally less efficient but can be a good option for specific applications, such as building-integrated photovoltaics.